Reza has known since childhood that his blood type is B positive. Not only her, father, brother, sister - all blood type is B positive. But after growing up, on the first day when he went to give blood, the problem happened. He came to know that the previous knowledge was wrong. His blood group is A positive, not B positive. If the blood test in childhood is B positive, the result is wrong. Reza can't accept that. His suspicion was that earlier B was positive, now it may have changed.
The question is, Reza's blood type has really changed? Or Reza knew wrong for so long? Can really change the blood type? Scientists have been confused about this question for many years. Some say blood group can change. According to some, it is impossible. Which one is correct?
Blood group depends on the presence of certain antigens (ie, proteins) on the red blood cells. That is, whether there is an antigen or not determines what the group will be. The four main blood groups are A, B, AB and O. This method of grouping is called 'ABO system'. There are two antigens—A (A) and B (B). If A antigen is on the surface of red blood cells, it is called A group, if B antigen is B group, if both are together it is AB group and if neither is O (O) group. This 'o' actually stands for zero (the British call zero 'o').
Grouping is determined by the presence or absence of antigens. The four main blood groups are A, B, AB and O. This method of grouping is called 'ABO system'.
Positive or negative, on Rhesus or Rh factor. It is also a special type of protein. If this protein is present, it is said to be positive (yes), and if it is not, it is said to be negative (no). That means, whose blood has A antigen and Rhesus factor, his blood group is A positive.
It is important to know the blood group before giving or receiving blood or any danger. Because, if the group is determined, blood can be given or taken safely when needed. For example, a person with blood group A can safely receive blood from someone with group A or O. But can't take blood from someone with B or AB group. Blood group must be known if emergency blood transfusion is required. This simple information can help save lives in an emergency.
Can blood group be changed?
As mentioned earlier, blood groups are determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. We inherit these antigens from our parents. Some blood types are very common, many people have them. ie B is positive. It is more accessible than other groups. Again, negative group blood is very rare. But whether common or rare, blood type is impossible to change or change (there is a 'but' though). If someone needs blood, blood from his group is given to him. In emergency situations and groups of blood supplies may be required. But it is done only when no other option is available and the patient's life is at risk.
I talked about 'but' a little earlier. Let me explain it a little now. Blood type can change, but it is very rare. There are examples of blood types changing after bone marrow (bones or inside bones) transplants. Bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Some diseases like leukemia require bone marrow transplant. Bone marrow from a sick patient can be transplanted with marrow from a healthy donor. If the patient and donor have different blood types, the donor's blood type may change after a successful bone marrow transplant.
Also, if someone has a lot of bleeding and receives a lot of blood transfusions, a different blood type may appear temporarily. If an AB patient is given enough O-type blood, almost all red cells can be seen as O-type. Within a few months, however, the patient's bone marrow can produce blood of its own type and restore the donor's type.
In another case group changes are seen. It only happens in this group. However, this is a very unusual and rare occurrence. When a specific bacterium (scientific name: Akkermansia muciniphila) infects the intestine of a carrier of this group, it produces a special type of enzyme. This enzyme makes blood group A molecules similar to blood group B molecules. This usually occurs in patients with colon cancer, intestinal infection or sepsis. But as I said, it is very rare.
However, more research is needed to determine whether blood types can actually switch from positive to negative. There are some rare cases, where one's blood type changes from positive to negative or vice versa. This may be caused by mutations in the genes that determine AB and O blood types, but this is not yet fully known.
Can blood group be positive to negative?
There is no scientific proof that the blood group has changed from positive to negative. But some people claim that. Some who donate blood regularly claim that they have had their blood group tested (positive or negative) several times, and the group they previously knew has changed. It is believed that this may be due to mistakes in the blood group verification test. However, prior bone marrow transplantation or special circumstances can temporarily change the blood group (positive or negative).
However, more research is needed to determine whether blood types can actually switch from positive to negative. There are some rare cases, where one's blood type changes from positive to negative or vice versa. Such events may be caused by mutations in the genes that determine AB and O blood groups, but this is not yet fully known.
So what is the matter?
A person's blood type can be affected by many factors, including food, illness, and medication. However, blood group change is a rare occurrence. Generally there is no actual change in blood type.